Titanium dioxide

Titanium dioxide
	; Unit cell of titanium dioxide (rutile form); Titanium Oxygen
Names
	IUPAC names Titanium dioxide; Titanium(IV) oxide
	Other names Titania; Rutile; Anatase; Brookite;
Identifiers
CAS Number	13463-67-7 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:32234 ;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201136 ;
ChemSpider	24256 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.327
E number	E171 (colours)
KEGG	C13409 ;
PubChem CID	26042;
RTECS number	XR2775000;
UNII	15FIX9V2JP ;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3021352 ;
	InChI InChI=1S/2O.Ti Key: GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/2O.Ti/rO2Ti/c1-3-2 Key: GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-TYTSCOISAW;
	SMILES O=[Ti]=O;
Properties
Chemical formula	TiO; 2
Molar mass	79.866 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Odor	Odorless
Density	4.23 g/cm3 (rutile); 3.78 g/cm3 (anatase);
Melting point	1,843 °C (3,349 °F; 2,116 K)
Boiling point	2,972 °C (5,382 °F; 3,245 K)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Band gap	3.05 eV (rutile)
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	+5.9·10−6 cm3/mol
Refractive index (nD)	2.488 (anatase); 2.583 (brookite); 2.609 (rutile);
Thermochemistry
Std molar; entropy (S⦵298)	50 J·mol−1·K−1
Std enthalpy of; formation (ΔfH⦵298)	−945 kJ·mol−1
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 0 0
Flash point	not flammable
	NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 15 mg/m3
REL (Recommended)	Ca
IDLH (Immediate danger)	Ca [5000 mg/m3]
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 0338
Related compounds
Other cations	Zirconium dioxide; Hafnium dioxide
Related Titanium oxides	Titanium(II) oxide; Titanium(III) oxide; Titanium(III,IV) oxide
Related compounds	Titanic acid
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania /taɪˈteɪniə/, is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula TiO
₂. When used as a pigment, it is called titanium white, Pigment White 6 (PW6), or CI 77891.^[4] It is a white solid that is insoluble in water, although mineral forms can appear black. As a pigment, it has a wide range of applications, including paint, sunscreen, and food coloring. When used as a food coloring, it has E number E171. World production in 2014 exceeded 9 million tonnes.^[5]^[6]^[7] It has been estimated that titanium dioxide is used in two-thirds of all pigments, and pigments based on the oxide have been valued at a price of $13.2 billion.^[8]

^ Nowotny J (2011). Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. CRC Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-4398-4839-5.
^ ^a ^b Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.
^ ^a ^b ^c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0617". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
^ Völz, Hans G., et al. (2006). "Pigments, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.
^ "Titanium" in 2014 Minerals Yearbook. USGS
^ "Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2015.
^ "Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2016" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2016.
^ Schonbrun Z. "The Quest for the Next Billion-Dollar Color". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 24 April 2018.

[Nowotny-1] Nowotny J (2011). Oxide Semiconductors for Solar Energy Conversion: Titanium Dioxide. CRC Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-4398-4839-5.

[b1-2] Zumdahl, Steven S. (2009). Chemical Principles 6th Ed. Houghton Mifflin Company. p. A23. ISBN 978-0-618-94690-7.

[PGCH-3] NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0617". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).

[Ullmann-4] Völz, Hans G., et al. (2006). "Pigments, Inorganic". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a20_243.pub2. ISBN 978-3527306732.

[5] "Titanium" in 2014 Minerals Yearbook. USGS

[6] "Mineral Commodity Summaries, 2015" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2015.

[7] "Mineral Commodity Summaries, January 2016" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey 2016.

[8] Schonbrun Z. "The Quest for the Next Billion-Dollar Color". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 24 April 2018.

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Names
Unit cell of titanium dioxide (rutile form) Titanium Oxygen

IUPAC names Titanium dioxide Titanium(IV) oxide
Other names Titania Rutile Anatase Brookite
Identifiers
CAS Number	13463-67-7^Y
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChEBI	CHEBI:32234^Y
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1201136^N
ChemSpider	24256^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.033.327
E number	E171 (colours)
KEGG	C13409^N
PubChem CID	26042
RTECS number	XR2775000
UNII	15FIX9V2JP^Y
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID3021352
InChI InChI=1S/2O.Ti^Y Key: GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N^Y InChI=1/2O.Ti/rO2Ti/c1-3-2 Key: GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-TYTSCOISAW
SMILES O=[Ti]=O
Properties
Chemical formula	TiO ₂
Molar mass	79.866 g/mol
Appearance	White solid
Odor	Odorless
Density	4.23 g/cm³ (rutile) 3.78 g/cm³ (anatase)
Melting point	1,843 °C (3,349 °F; 2,116 K)
Boiling point	2,972 °C (5,382 °F; 3,245 K)
Solubility in water	Insoluble
Band gap	3.05 eV (rutile)^[1]
Magnetic susceptibility (χ)	+5.9·10⁻⁶ cm³/mol
Refractive index (n_D)	2.488 (anatase) 2.583 (brookite) 2.609 (rutile)
Thermochemistry
Std molar entropy (S^⦵₂₉₈)	50 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹^[2]
Std enthalpy of formation (Δ_fH^⦵₂₉₈)	−945 kJ·mol⁻¹^[2]
Hazards
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)	1 0 0
Flash point	not flammable
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)	TWA 15 mg/m³^[3]
REL (Recommended)	Ca^[3]
IDLH (Immediate danger)	Ca [5000 mg/m³]^[3]
Safety data sheet (SDS)	ICSC 0338
Related compounds
Other cations	Zirconium dioxide Hafnium dioxide
Related Titanium oxides	Titanium(II) oxide Titanium(III) oxide Titanium(III,IV) oxide
Related compounds	Titanic acid
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). Y verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references